Vestnik of Polotsk State University. Part D. Economic and legal sciences

DEVELOPMENT OF VERTICAL AGRICULTURE IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF UZBEKISTAN

N. ASADULLINA, G. KARIEVA, K. PAVLOV — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article identifies factors and features of the development of vertical agriculture in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The main directions of the formation of vertical agriculture as a special form of farming in the agro-industrial complex are investigated, the distinctive features of vertical agriculture from urban agriculture are determined. Measures are considered, the practical implementation of which contributes to the implementation of the most important provisions of the concept of vertical agriculture in the urban economic system of Tashkent.

SOCIAL NETWORKS AS A TOOL FOR ATTRACTING NEW CLIENTS

M. BATURA, I. MARAKHINA, U. PARKHIMENKO — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article analyzes the state and development of social networks in the world and in Belarus, which allowed to identify their commercial significance for organizations. Based on the analysis, the following opportunities were identified that companies receive using social networks: access to new clients, increased interaction with existing clients, increased loyalty, sales through social networks, direct and indirect lead generation, after-sales service and feedback, recognition and branding, reputation management, promotion, employee recruitment, improved visibility in search engines, increased website traffic, analytical capabilities. The significant features of using social networks for commercial purposes were identified and the theoretical and methodological foundations of SMM were characterized. The work highlights the most common SMM tools, describes the stages of the SMM process and substantiates the feasibility of developing an organizational mechanism for managing the entire SMM cycle that would take into account both the internal features of the business and the external environment of the organization.

TOOLS FOR MANAGING THE IMPORT SUBSTITUTION MECHANISM

A. VASHCHENKO, I. PLETENEV — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The formation of an import substitution policy in the face of dramatically changing external factors requires all economic entities to find non-trivial solutions to stabilize and grow their positions. A special place in this situation should be occupied by small and medium-sized businesses, which account for a quarter of the gross domestic product of the Republic of Belarus, and they have the ability to quickly adapt to new circumstances. The application of new approaches in the management of small and medium-sized businesses can increase the share of their gross domestic product, successfully implement import substitution programs and accelerate the growth of state welfare.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE YOUTH LABOUR MARKET OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS BASED ON ONLINE JOB PORTALS DATA

S. GOROVOY — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article substantiates the need to use online job portals to analyze the youth labour market in the context of digitalization. The shortcomings of the established practice of analyzing the youth labour market in the Republic of Belarus are highlighted. This allowed the author to propose a generalized system of indicators for studying the characteristics of supply and demand in the youth labour market based on data from online job portals. An analysis of the dynamics of the youth labour market in the Republic of Belarus was conducted based on data from 8 of the most popular online job portals among job seekers. The main trends of its development from the demand (vacancies) and supply (resumes) were identified, and its tension (market conditions) was assessed. The results of the study made it possible to reflect prospects for further analysis of the youth labour market based on data from online job portals.

RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EMPLOYMENT POLICY IN ORDER TO ENSURE INCLUSIVE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

I. ZIANKOVA, O. GASHEVA, A. YAKUTOVICH, E. SHARAFANOVA, N. HONCHARUK — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article analyzes the regulatory acts that determine employment policy in the Republic of Belarus, research in the field of employment of the population by various authors. Recommendations are proposed for the implementation of state employment policy in closer cooperation with instruments of socio-economic, youth policy, education and science, and social protection of the population. The relevance of the topic is determined, on the one hand, by the peculiarities of the social composition of the republic’s population, negative demographic trends and the need for inclusive growth of the Belarusian economy in the current conditions, on the other.

ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATUS AND TRENDS OF CHINA'S DIGITAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT

S. IZMAILOVICH, A. LISICHONOK, Ch. JIAO — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In the era of rapid technological advancements, the digital economy has emerged as a powerful driver of global economic growth and transformation. It has permeated every aspect of modern society, from daily consumption patterns to large-scale industrial operations. As one of the world's largest economies, China has been at the forefront of digital economic development, witnessing remarkable progress in recent years. The analysis aims to comprehensively explore the current status and trends of China's digital economy development. By delving into various sectors such as e-commerce, digital finance, and emerging digital – enabled industries, we can gain a profound understanding of how China is leveraging digital technologies to enhance economic efficiency, innovation capabilities and international competitiveness. Moreover, identifying the trends will not only help in predicting future development directions but also provide valuable insights for policymakers, businesses, and researchers to formulate appropriate strategies in this digital – dominated era.

ANALYSIS OF THE STATE PROGRAM "ROADS OF BELARUS" FOR 2021–2025 AS A STRATEGIC PLAN FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL HIGHWAYS

A. KAZANSKY — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article discusses the financing mechanism of subprogram 2 "Local highways" of the State Program "Roads of Belarus" for 2021–2025. The structure of financing by type of work, the dynamics of its changes, the calendar distribution of financing volumes are studied, special attention is paid to financing the improvement of the material and technical base of road organizations of communal ownership. Based on the analysis, the directions of modernization of the current financing mechanism and the procedure for planning financial resources that can be used in the development of the program for the next five years are proposed.

TRANSFORMATION OF EVOLUTIONARY APPROACHES: FROM CLASSICAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP TO YOUTH INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP

E. KLIMUK — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article studies the evolution of the content of entrepreneurship based on the approaches of representatives of economic schools. The author presents a flowchart of systematization of approaches of scientists-economists – representatives of economic schools – about the content of entrepreneurship. The author presents the types of entrepreneurial roles and their main functions. The stages of development of entrepreneurship concepts are described: classical entrepreneurship, the concept of innovative entrepreneurship, the concept of entrepreneurial university, the concept of youth entrepreneurship, the concept of youth innovative entrepreneurship. The theoretical model of youth innovative entrepreneurship in higher education institutions on the basis of a step-by-step mechanism of realization of youth innovative business ideas aimed at introducing the results of innovation and entrepreneurial activity in practical spheres of economy and social sphere of the Republic of Belarus is developed.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE NEED TO ASSESS THE POTENTIAL OF CLUSTERS IN THE SPHERE OF DEVELOPMENT OF IMPORT-SUBSTITUTING AND EXPORT-ORIENTED PRODUCTION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

А. LISICHONAK, A. BAMBIZOVA — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The key aspects confirming the relevance of studying the cluster potential and its applicability for import-substituting and export-oriented production in the Republic of Belarus are reflected. The article substantiates the necessity and possibility of assessing the cluster potential to identify weaknesses and strengths of cluster associations and to develop directions for their further development in the sphere of import-substituting and export-oriented production. It is revealed that the research covers only the categories of ‘regional potential’ and ‘cluster potential’, which is not sufficient to characterize all stages of the cluster life cycle and to determine the directions of its development. The article identifies the factors that play a key role in justifying the relevance of studying the potential of clusters in the Republic of Belarus, including in the sphere of import substitution and export orientation. The results of the analysis of indicators of foreign trade of the Republic of Belarus with the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States and outside it, as well as the results of normative-legal support of the directions of formation and development of clusters in the Republic of Belarus have been provided.

IMPROVEMENT OF MARKETING STRATEGY OF RETAIL TRADE ORGANIZATION ON THE BASE OF INTERNET MARKETING TOOLS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF POLOTSK-TORG JSC)

V. PASHKEVICH — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article presents an analysis of the impact of Internet marketing tools on the effectiveness of retail trade organizations in the context of digitalization. Using the example of JSC Polotsk-torg, an analysis of the existing SMM strategy was carried out, and its shortcomings were identified. The author has developed a rubricator and a content plan aimed at increasing the engagement of the target audience, as well as proposed parameters for launching targeted advertising on social networks. The results of the study demonstrate the need to use modern digital tools to optimize marketing strategy, reduce the cost of attracting customers and strengthen the organization's market position.

ACCOUNTING FOR PROVISION OF SERVICES ON MARKETPLACES

M. PONOMAREVA — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article is a continuation of a series of articles devoted to the consideration of the features of the sale of goods and the provision of services on marketplaces. The article examines the procedure for documentary registration and proposes an original approach to reflecting in the accounts of accounting the process of providing services on marketplaces both from the side of the service provider and from the side of the marketplace. The need to study these issues is justified by the lack of a single legislatively regulated methodology for accounting for the sale of goods and (or) the provision of services on marketplaces.

CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF MANAGEMENT OF INVESTMENT AND CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES IN ECONOMIC SYSTEMS OF NATIONAL INDUSTRY

G. SERYAKOV — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The relevance of the presented study lies in the fact that the existing theory and methodology of management of investment and construction processes in economic systems of national industry was formed in the conditions of industrial society of the 20th century, characterized by inertial economic development. A distinctive feature of the modern economy is the transition to a post-industrial, information society, the driving force here being the innovative nature of economic development, which is based on the patterns of development and change of technological structures in the world economy. However, the existing theory and methodology in the practice of managing investment and construction processes in the economic systems of national industry does not take these patterns into account, which leads to strategic and tactical errors in the formation of investment priorities, resource allocation and long-term development planning. As a result, in a number of sectors of the national industry, investment and construction projects aimed at developing technologies characteristic of the fourth technological structure still prevail – a structure that has already exhausted the potential for extensive development and is becoming obsolete in the context of modern global trends. In this regard, the purpose of this study is the conceptual development of theoretical and methodological foundations for managing investment and construction processes in the economic systems of national industry, which takes into account the patterns of development and change of technological structures of the economy, modern challenges and transformations occurring in the global technological system.

DETERMINING PROSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL INDUSTRY IN THE PERIOD OF CHANGE IN TECHNOLOGICAL STRUCTURES OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

A. TEBEKIN, G. SERYAKOV — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The relevance of the presented study is determined by the fact that the current change in technological structures naturally raises the question of determining promising directions for the development of the national economy, taking into account the existing technological basis, as well as the creation and development of new technologies. The protracted global economic crisis of the 2020s, like the vast majority of crises of a similar nature, on the one hand, carries a danger (in particular, the threat of deterioration of the market position of the national economy), and, on the other hand, provides opportunities for more effective (again, in competitive comparison) development of the national economy. In this regard, there is a need to determine promising areas for the development of the national economy during the period of change of technological structures. The purpose of the presented studies is to substantiate a conceptual approach to the development of the national economy of the Republic of Belarus within the framework of the upcoming technological structure, taking into account the dangers dictated by the economic crisis of the 2020s and the opportunities it provides. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the substantiation of the development vector based on the achievements of the IV technological order, aimed at the introduction of innovative technologies of the VI order, while simultaneously restoring the technologies of the V order that have been significantly lost in domestic production, as a promising direction for the development of the national economy during the period of replacement of the V technological order by the VI technological order. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of their use in the development and adjustment of development strategies for the national economy as a whole and its individual sectors.

HUMANITARIAN REGULATION AND HUMANITARIAN-INVESTMENT REGULATION: TO THE QUESTION OF THE NEED FOR INSTITUTIONALIZATION IN THE NATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEM

M. BANDARENKA — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article substantiates the necessity for a comprehensive and systematic legal regulation of social relations arising in connection with the reproduction of human resources and the development of human capital through the adoption of a special law – the Law of the Republic of Belarus “On Humanitarian Regulation”, which will establish the legal framework for humanitarian regulation and the legal regime of human capital of the Republic of Belarus conditioned by it. The author formulates the concept of humanitarian regulation and defines its subject matter and purpose. Humanitarian and investment regulation is identified as the most substantial domain within humanitarian regulation; its definition is formulated, and the thesis is advanced regarding the necessity of institutionalizing humanitarian and investment law within the economic and legal cycle of branches of law.

A MODEL FOR PREDICTING THE SUCCESSFUL RESOLUTION OF SITUATIONS OF UNCERTAINTY IN OPERATIONAL-SEARCH ACTIVITIES

P. BOROVIK, S. PILYUSHIN — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article discusses the theoretical and applied aspects of assessing the likelihood of resolving situations of uncertainty in operational investigative activities. The analysis of existing quantitative methods for assessing such situations is carried out. A probabilistic and statistical approach adapted to the conditions of the operational units of the internal affairs bodies is proposed, which makes it possible to formalize the decision-making process based on the calculation of probabilities and taking into account risk factors. The probability estimation model is substantiated, and an example of using the developed methodology for calculating the likely outcome is shown, taking into account the influence of all significant factors. The conceptual structure of key factors (choice, experience, time, risk) that determine the nature of the uncertainty situation in operational-search activity and form an interdependent system capable of adapting to changing operational conditions is presented.

LEGAL BASIS OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL STATUS OF MINORS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

A. DUDCHIK — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article analyzes the main legal acts that lay the foundation for the formation of the system of protection of the rights of minors. The national legislation in the sphere of regulation of the administrative and legal status of minors is studied. Within the framework of this work, an analysis of key regulatory legal acts is carried out, aimed at identifying the content of the rights, freedoms, duties and responsibilities of minors in the field of administrative law. The study allows us to determine how effectively current legislation ensures the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of minors, and also helps prevent administrative offenses on their part and the formation of law-abiding behavior. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of norms regulating the structural elements of the administrative and legal status of minors. The study focuses on specific aspects of the legal status of minors who have committed administrative offenses and are brought to administrative responsibility. The author proposes amendments to the Code of the Republic of Belarus on Administrative Offences concerning minors, which are of great importance for improving the legal regulation of the administrative and legal status of minors.

ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL SUPPORT FOR THE PARTICIPATION OF CITIZENS IN THE PROTECTION OF PUBLIC ORDER: CONCEPT, CONTENT, GENESIS

S. KOLIOSKO — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The participation of citizens in the protection of public order is often unreasonably overlooked by scientific research, since attention is paid only to the activities of law enforcement agencies in this area, which negatively affects, among other things, the administrative and legal support of the legal relations in question.

The article discusses the concept of «administrative and legal support for the participation of citizens in the protection of public order» by studying its content, researching the opinions and positions of scientists who considered the application of the legal structure «administrative and legal support» to solve problems in the field of legal support for the activities of executive authorities. The theoretical and legal views on the problem of citizens' participation in the protection of public order have also been studied, which have made it possible to reveal the evolution of administrative legislation regulating legal relations in this area. The analysis made it possible to formulate the author's definition of the concept of «administrative and legal support for the participation of citizens in the protection of public order», to carry out the periodization of the formation and development of this socio-legal phenomenon.

ECOLOGICAL CULTURE: THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF FORMATION

M. KURILOVICH, A. MIKHAILOVA, E. KUDRYASHOVA — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The analysis of approaches to defining environmental culture and environmental and legal culture justified in the doctrine, conducted within the framework of the study, allowed us to conclude that there is no unity in understanding these categories, which indicates the relevance of theoretical research on the stated topic and emphasizes the need to form a legal basis for the development of environmental culture in the Republic of Belarus. In this regard, for the purposes of developing scientific ideas about environmental culture, the authors have established a set of tools that contribute to its development; a position has been formed regarding the content of the concept of "environmental culture" and a doctrinal definition of the concept of "environmental and legal culture" has been developed. At the same time, the absence of a comprehensive approach to the development of environmental culture in the national environmental legislation served as the basis for the authors' justification of proposals to improve legal regulation in the area under study in light of the ongoing work on the codification of legislation on environmental protection and the rational use of natural resources.

LEGAL CONSOLIDATION OF TARGETS, ORGANISATION AND PROCEDURE FOR CONDUCTING INDUSTRIAL OBSERVATIONS IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, RATIONAL (SUSTAINABLE) USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES

O. MOROZ — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article reveals the issues of legal consolidation of targets, organisation and procedure of industrial observations in the field of environmental protection, rational (sustainable) use of natural resources in the implementation of economic and other activities. It is concluded that this environmental protection measure is an established element of environmental support of economic and other activities at the stage of implementing design and other decisions. It is proposed to consider their targets in the context of verification activities of specialists and the environmental protection tool as a whole. It is established that the legal status of employees of the environmental protection service is more certain than that of environmental protection specialists and employees entrusted with environmental protection and industrial observations. The main stages of industrial observations are highlighted. Proposals for improving their legal consolidation are formulated.

CONCEPT LEGAL PROPERTIES OF CONSTITUTIONAL VALUES

S. ALESKA — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The main legal properties inherent in constitutional values are investigated. On the basis of legal doctrine, legislation and legal practice, such legal properties of these values as historicity, universality and recognition, stability and renewal, perspectiveness, normativity, supremacy, hierarchy, interrelationship and interdependence, concentration, inalienable connection with macrovalues are derived and substantiated. The essence of each legal property is revealed.

PRIVATE FINANCE LAW: CONCEPT, STRUCTURE, AND PLACE IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM

S. PRATASAVITSKI — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In the article, the author explores the concept of private finance law, outlines its structure, and defines its place within the system of positive law. The author identifies legal relations as the primary criterion for classification, specifically focusing on what unites them within the subject of legal regulation. According to the author, private finance law constitutes a set of legal norms that model legal relations (legal constructs) in the realm of private finance. The author distinguishes between the general and special parts of this legal field, with each part further divided into institutions. The general part encompasses institutions based on types of legal relations, while the special part focuses on areas where various models of these legal relations intersect. The author argues that private finance law is neither a component of civil law nor financial law. Instead, it is a complex normative formation distinguished by legal relations within the corresponding sector of the national economy. It falls under the domain of economic law. The author concludes that there is currently no basis for codifying legislation on private finance.

LEGAL BASIS FOR THE ACTIVITIES OF VIRTUAL MUSEUMS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

K. SAVITSKAYA — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines the concept of "virtual museum". Based on the analysis of doctrinal sources, the features of a virtual museum are identified. The author studied the legal basis for the activities of virtual museums in the Republic of Belarus. The paper presents the data of a sociological survey conducted by the author in 2023-2024 among 457 respondents aged 18 to 60 years living in the Republic of Belarus. The sociological survey was conducted to identify the level of public awareness of virtual museums and determine their commercial potential. Based on the obtained research results, the author's definition of the concept of "virtual museum" is proposed, proposals for improving the legislation of the Republic of Belarus related to the legal protection of virtual museums are formulated.

THE STATE SYSTEM FOR RECORDING THE BEST AVAILABLE TECHNICAL METHODS AND ITS LEGISLATIVE REGULATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

D. STEPANENKO — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article investigates the role and meaning of the term «best available technical methods» used in the ecological legislation of the Republic of Belarus, in the context of the need for systemic coordination and integration of the ecological and innovation policies of the Belarusian state. The need for comprehensive legislative support and stimulation of the introduction and use of the best available technical methods is substantiated. The author proposes to formalize at the legislative level in the Republic of Belarus the state system for recording the best available technical methods. The objectives and main components of the proposed state system for recording the best available technical methods are formulated and substantiated. The advisability of formalizing at the legislative level the main features of the classification of the best available technical methods is proved. It is substantiated that the legislative formalization of the state system for recording the best available technical methods is intended to create the necessary conditions for comprehensive and differentiated support for business entities introducing and using such methods.

LEGAL ASPECTS OF DIVISION INTO NARCOTIC DRUGS, PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES, THEIR PRECURSORS, ANALOGUES

D. KHAREVICH — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines the genesis and current legal regulation of circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their precursors and analogues in criminal law and legislation regulating circulation of the said substances in legitimate types of activity. The article analyzes similarities and differences in the relevant industry regulations, highlights some of their non-obvious gaps and contradictions, and outlines possible areas for improvement. It is concluded that there are no fundamental obstacles to unification of the rules for circulation of the listed substances in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus. It is also shown that in the legislation regulating circulation of the said substances in legitimate types of activity, various legal regimes are implemented mainly by dividing the substances into lists; classification into narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their precursors and analogues has no independent meaning. Based on this, the author comes to the conclusion that from a legal point of view, division into narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their precursors and analogues is not fully justified and lexically redundant. It is proposed to use a single term “drugs” to designate them in regulatory legal acts, covering the entire range of substances subject to state control. The logical basis for this approach is the internal integrity of the given concept.