Vestnik of Polotsk State University. Part B. Industry. Applied Sciences

FEATURES OF MODELING HUMAN ERRORS IN ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS FOR INTEGRATION INTO PREDICTIVE SAFETY SYSTEMS

2025-09-11T10:49:46+00:00

The article considers modern methods of modeling human errors of traffic control center operators for their subsequent integration into predictive safety systems of transport infrastructure. A comprehensive three-level analytical model has been developed that organically combines qualitative and quantitative assessment methods, including detailed PSF profiles that allow one to assess the influence of key factors: the degree of operator fatigue, the level of cognitive load, the ergonomics of workplaces and the quality of visual interfaces on the probability of operator errors. Particular attention is paid to the interdisciplinary approach that combines the methods of transport planning, cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence and ergonomics. Practical mechanisms for integrating the model into intelligent transport systems are proposed. Among them are the dynamic adjustment of predictive algorithms taking into account the actual values of the probability of operator errors and the automation of preventive control actions. The conducted studies demonstrate that systematic consideration of the human factor can significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of predictive safety systems, reducing the number of accidents.

STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF TRAFFIC LIGHT REGULATION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF TRAM TRAFFIC

2025-09-11T11:04:59+00:00

The article presents the results of a study on factors affecting the efficiency of tram traffic in the urban agglomeration of Minsk. The main focus is on the analysis of delays at regulated intersections, as well as time costs associated with tram stops at stations. A predictive model of tram arrival times at traffic light objects (TLOs) has been developed based on statistical analysis and mathematical modeling. A direct correlation between tram dwell time at stations and passenger exchange intensity has also been identified. The results of the study have practical significance for improving the efficiency of tram network operations, including adjustments to traffic light cycles, schedule optimization, and planning of new routes.

IDENTIFICATION OF SPEED POTENTIAL IN THE CONTEXT OF TRAM TRAFFIC EFFICIENCY

2025-09-11T11:50:14+00:00

The article presents such a criterion for evaluating tram traffic efficiency as the speed regime utilization coefficient (SRUC). The limitations of existing evaluation methods are analyzed: fragmentation, static nature, and insufficient detail of speed characteristics. A mathematical calculation model has been developed taking into account technical, infrastructural, and operational factors. The advantages are shown: normalized indicator, identification of efficiency reserves, possibility of bottleneck diagnostics. Practical application of SRUC opens new opportunities for tram system optimization.

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF FLEXIBLE CONTROL ALGORITHMS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF TRAFFIC OF ROUTE PASSENGER VEHICLES AT CONTROLLED INTERSECTIONS

2025-09-11T12:19:03+00:00

The article analyzes existing methods and technologies aimed at reducing blockages of route passenger passenger vehicles at controlled intersections. Options based on intelligent transport systems, flexible traffic control algorithms and modern means of traffic light control have been developed to reduce blockages of route passenger vehicles. The effectiveness of the proposed solutions and their efficiency have been assessed using simulation micro-modeling.

CALCULATION OF ROUTE DUPLICATION INDICATOR AND DEVELOPMENT OF OPTIMIZATION DIRECTIONS OF WORK CITY PASSENGER TRANSPORT REGULAR SERVICE

2025-09-12T05:30:32+00:00

In the current conditions of passenger carriers' operation, the task of optimising route networks becomes particularly relevant. One of the most widespread problems reducing the efficiency of their work is route duplication. In this regard, there is a need to develop and apply scientifically based methods of evaluation and optimisation of route networks aimed at reducing route duplication and increasing the efficiency of passenger transport vehicles.

This publication considers the problem of duplication of regular urban passenger transport routes in Brest. In order to solve this problem, the indicators of duplicability assessment, the methodology of calculation of such indicators, their values for the conditions of Brest are developed, and various directions of optimisation of urban regular passenger transport of Brest are given.

INCREASING THE ANTIFRICTION PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC LUBRICANT BY MODIFYING WITH MICROSIZED ADDITIVES

2025-09-12T05:41:06+00:00

The article presents studies of wear resistance of a sliding friction pair operated with a general-purpose complex lithium grease with the addition of micro-sized components in the form of boron nitride (ITMOL-150N+3% BN). The coefficients of the fourth-degree polynomial are calculated, allowing to calculate the value of mass wear and the friction coefficient at any friction section. It is established that the wear intensity of the sliding friction pair decreases with modification of the plastic complex lithium grease ITMOL-150N with boron nitride particles, and is 4-5 times lower than the traditionally used grease Litol-24.

TOPOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS IN MINSK IN TERMS OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS INVOLVING ROUTE VEHICLES

2025-09-12T05:57:44+00:00

The relevance of the topic of this article is the identification of places of concentration of road accidents at stopping points (SP) of regular passenger route transport and the development of specific proposals to reduce accidents at them. In addition, the risk of road accidents on the SP of regular passenger route transport is a socially significant problem that needs to be addressed. An increase in traffic intensity, as well as an increase in the number of vehicles on the road network of cities, leads to an increase in the tightness of interaction between road users and the emergence of road conflicts, which result in the occurrence of road accidents, while a considerable part of which falls on road accidents involving passenger transport.

WAYS TO REDUCE THE LOADING OF GEAR TRANSMISSIONS WITH COMPLEX MOVEMENT OF ELEMENTS

2025-09-11T08:37:06+00:00

The article considers issues related to the analysis of the loading of mechanical and hydromechanical transmissions (MGMT) with complex movement of links. It has been established that the main mechanism of damage to MGMT gears under conditions of increased vibration loading is multi-cycle fatigue of the material. Features of excitation of torsional and bending vibrations in highly loaded transmissions have been identified. It has been established that the fatigue strength of the rim is most critical for vibrations of the driven wheel, characterized by two, three or four nodal diameters.

One of the ways to reduce the loading of gears with complex movement of elements is the profile modification of the teeth of the wheels. Correct modification of the gears optimizes the operation of the gear under load, reducing wear, heat generation, power losses, vibrations and noise. Another way to reduce the loading of gears with complex movement of elements is the use of dry friction dampers. Dry friction dampers provide a reduction in the amplitude of torsional vibrations in engines and transmissions. It is noted that for an effective reduction in the amplitude of resonant vibrations of a gear wheel, arising when the operating frequencies coincide with the natural ones, it is recommended to use ring or disc dampers. An assessment is given of the amplitude-frequency characteristic of peak stresses in the rim of a driven gear wheel with and without damping.

REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL METHODS OF KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE DRIVE MECHANISM OF A CHAIN UNIT

2025-09-11T08:57:56+00:00

The authors of the article continue searching for the optimal operation of the experimental model of the chain unit they created. The main parts of its design are the working chamber and its drive mechanism. The movement of the chains of the working chamber, and therefore the dynamic impact on the material to be processed, depends on the kinematic characteristics of the movement of the drive mechanism links, primarily the crank and rocker. Therefore, the problem of choosing an algorithm for kinematic analysis of the drive mechanism is relevant. The study presents the results of a review of domestic and foreign sources, which describe in detail the algebraic method, closed vector contour methods and coordinate transformations. The first of them is based on the algorithm of theoretical mechanics - first, the equations of motion of the mechanism links are written from the geometric analysis of the scheme, and then their speeds and accelerations are determined as the first and second derivatives with respect to time. According to the second method, the equations of motion of the mechanism are composed using a closed vector contour through its projections on the coordinate axes. For the kinematic analysis of the mechanism under consideration, the methods of coordinate transformation, triangle, Assur group and base vector can also be used.

ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

2025-09-12T06:10:23+00:00

A comparative analysis of the dynamics of industrial accidents with loss of working capacity for one working day or more in the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation was performed. Using correlation analysis methods, a negative linear relationship was confirmed between the coefficients of frequency and severity of injuries at enterprises for the period 2001–2024. Specific features of the distribution of indicators of industrial injuries in the Republic of Belarus for the period 2018–2024 were determined by territorial features, gender differences, profession, age and length of service, types of activity, injury factors and their causes.

COMPREHENSIVE USE OF MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE NOVODVORSKY DEPOSIT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL POROUS AGGREGATES

2025-09-12T06:31:37+00:00

The results of studies of the integrated use of minerals from the Novodvorskoye deposit of the Republic of Belarus – glauconite-containing rocks, basalts and saponite-containing tuffs for the production of porous aggregates with the required physical and chemical properties are presented. Data from experimental studies, combined with an analysis of the specific occurrence of rocks, their mineral and chemical composition, made it possible to confirm the possibility of the most rational use of minerals and technological waste to reduce their quantity and minimize dump areas.

REGULARITIES OF CHANGING THE WORK OF ADHESION TO THE SURFACE OF A SOLUTION OF SULFONATE ADDITIVE IN BASE OIL NS-4 DURING ULTRASONIC TREATMENT IN THE PRESENCE OF SUCCINIMIDE ADDITIVES

2025-09-12T06:46:00+00:00

The article presents the results of a study of the effect of ultrasonic treatment of a highly alkaline sulfonate additive on the surface tension and wetting angles of a steel plate with a solution of the sulfonate additive in the base hydrocracking oil NS-4 in the presence of succinimide additives of different molecular weights. The regularities of changes in the work of adhesion to a steel plate of a solution of the sulfonate additive in the base oil during ultrasonic treatment without and in the presence of succinimide additives are revealed. It is shown that ultrasonic treatment contributes to the modification of interphase interactions, and the introduction of succinimide additives has a stabilizing effect on the properties of the resulting dispersed system. The obtained results allow optimizing the composition of additive packages to improve the anticorrosive properties of lubricants and can find practical application in the development of new additive packages.

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC TREATMENT OF SULFONATE AND PHENATE ADDITIVES ON ANTICORROSIVE ACTIVITY AND RESISTANCE TO SLUDGE FORMATION OF A PACKAGE OF ADDITIVES TO LUBRICATING OILS

2025-09-12T08:07:31+00:00

In the article the influence of ultrasonic treatment of sulfonate and phenate additives on anticorrosive activity and resistance to sludge formation of additive packages to lubricating oils is considered. Samples of packages with different composition and mixing technology, including treatment of high alkaline calcium sulfonate and calcium phenate by ultrasonic vibrations with frequency of 20-30 kHz have been investigated. It was found that the use of ultrasound with specific energy up to 500 J/cm³ allows increasing the anticorrosive activity of the additive package by 2.8 times without adverse effect on the tendency to precipitation and oxidative stability. The change in the electrode potential of metals confirms the improvement of the protective properties of the treated packages. The results open perspectives for improving the efficiency of additive systems in lubricants of internal combustion engines.

CARBON SORBENT DERIVED FROM PETROLEUM COKE AND POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE WASTE

2025-09-12T08:14:56+00:00

The article describes research on producing carbon sorbents through co-thermal treatment of sulfur-rich petroleum coke and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste. It was established that incorporating 25–30 wt.% PET into ground petroleum coke, followed by granulation and activation in an inert atmosphere at 370–600°C, yields a material with favorable adsorption properties. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms at 77 K for the synthesized sorbents and raw petroleum coke are presented. Using the Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) modeling method, pore distribution patterns in the obtained sorbents were determined. Results of IR spectroscopy analysis of the by-product formed during activation of petroleum coke-PET mixtures are detailed. The resulting sorbent was proven effective for adsorptive purification of methyldiethanolamine solutions.

THE EFFECT OF THE ADDITION OF PETROLEUM COKE AND EXCESS ACTIVATED SLUDGE FROM SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS ON THE THERMOGRAVIMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROLYZED LIGNIN

2025-09-12T08:24:53+00:00

The necessity of searching for an effective way to dispose of hydrolyzed lignin from excess activated sludge as large-scale industrial waste is shown. Based on the literature analysis, it is concluded that they can be used as a component of solid fuels. The chemical composition and structure of excess activated sludge, hydrolyzed lignin, and highsulfur petroleum coke are presented. A thermogravimetric analysis of the study objects and mixtures based on them has been performed. Differential scanning calorimetry curves of petroleum coke, activated sludge, hydrolyzed lignin, and mixtures based on them have been obtained. The dependence of the thermal characteristics of the obtained samples upon heating to 900°C in an air environment is determined, depending on the content of petroleum coke and activated sludge mixed with hydrolyzed lignin. Conclusions were drawn based on the conducted research on the possibility of using them as a fuel component.

SIMULATION OF CONDITIONS FOR LIMITING SHRINKAGE DURING THE FORMATION OF A RIGID SYSTEM OF TRANSPORT PORE DURING THE SINTERING PROCESS OF E-GLASS FIBERS

2025-09-12T08:35:27+00:00

The article presents the results of research on modeling and optimization of a structure made of refractory nonmetallic materials with a rigid system of transport pores formed by sintering e-glass fibers. Based on the analysis of images of structures, it is shown that as an approximate model for calculating and optimizing characteristics, one can choose a percolation approach for a combination of two media: a medium in the form of centers that form a spatial skeleton and limit the shrinkage of the formed one and a medium in the form of a rigid system of transport pores. Moreover, the interpenetration of media is subject to normal distribution.

REPORT AND SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION DURING THE DISSERTATION DEFENSE

2025-09-12T08:44:52+00:00

The material of the article contributes to the formation of a meaningful, informative and focused report of the applicant during the defense of the dissertation. The structure of the report from its mandatory elements is given. Particular attention is paid to the presentation of the provisions submitted for defense. The content of the scientific discussion with recommendations on preparation for it and the behavior of the applicant is determined.