Vestnik of Polotsk State University. Part B. Industry. Applied Sciences

RUBBER RESISTANCE TO THE EFFECTS OF AUTOMOTIVE GASOLINE COMPONENTS

V. IVANOV — 2026-04-22

This article presents the results of a study of the influence of gasoline components, such as aromatic hydrocar-bons, catalytic reforming gasoline, cyclohexane, isooctane, ethyl and n-butyl alcohols, and MTBE, on rubbers based on EPDM, NBR, HNBR, and FKM rubbers. Patterns of change in the weight of rubber samples under the influence of gas-oline components are established. It is shown that EPDM-based rubber is unsuitable for use as sealing materials when in contact with gasoline components due to a significant loss of mass and elasticity of the sample. The resistance of NBR and HNBR rubbers to destruction by aromatic gasoline components is approximately equal. However, HNBR-based rubbers exhibit higher resistance to swelling and destruction by isooctane and cyclohexane. The rubber sample based on fluororubber exhibits the best resistance to the effects of gasoline components. Significant swelling was observed only when immersed in MTBE. No signs of degradation of FKM-based rubber were detected upon contact with any of the studied gasoline components.

OIL POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

LI QI — 2026-04-22

The article uses a systems approach to study the technologies for combating oil pollution of the environment in China, and provides a detailed examination of the methods for cleaning oil-contaminated soils, ways of cleaning contaminated water bodies, and the oil sorbents used. Semi-permeable membranes, reverse osmosis technologies, and sorption materials are widely used to clean groundwater and underground water from oil pollution. Oil-contaminated soil is cleaned using bioremediation technologies using microorganisms, technologies for physicochemical restoration of soils, and a combination of these methods. The performed analysis made it possible to identify possible ways to improve the technologies for combating oil pollution, which are aimed at reducing costs; reducing the cleaning cycle; the possibility of repeated use of reagents and minimal formation of non-recyclable waste; reducing the risk of secondary pollution; the possibility of combined restoration of contaminated soil and groundwater; optimization of the production of effective and multifunctional materials with a wide range of applications in various environmental conditions; determining the mechanisms of interaction between reagents and sorbents and pollutants; increasing the level of intellectualization and robotization of the equipment used in order to improve the safety of workers cleaning the surface of water and soil from contamination by oil and oil products.

ADSORPTION METHODS FOR PURIFYING DIESEL FUELS FROM AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

А. SPIRIDONOV — 2026-04-22

This article describes adsorption methods for removing aromatic hydrocarbons from diesel fuel. It is shown that adsorption dearomatization of diesel fuel using the optimal silica gel sorbent KSK-2, selectively activated for aromatic hydrocarbons, can produce diesel fuel that meets European specifications. An industrial process for separating aromatics from various petroleum fractions in a fixed-bed silica gel is demonstrated.

MODELING OF THE CHEMICAL-TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF EXTRACTION OF DIMETHYL DISULPHIDE FROM BY-PRODUCTS OF SECONDARY PROCESSES OF OIL REFINING OF BELARUSIAN OIL REFINERY

V. IVANOV — 2026-04-22

The article presents the results of modeling a chemical-engineering process for extracting a valuable sulfur-containing compound from a by-product of a liquefied petroleum gas purification unit for removing mercaptans via oxidation in the presence of catalysts – disulfide oil – for a Belarusian oil refinery. The process yields dimethyl disulfide, a widely used reagent in oil refining and petrochemistry, as the target product. The required process equipment has been selected and its optimal parameters have been determined to produce a commercial grade A product with a high purity of 99.5% by weight, with a dimethyl disulfide extraction rate from disulfide oil of 99.72% by weight and a target product throughput of approximately 100 tons per year, which will meet the required annual consumption volume in the Republic of Belarus by 50% and half the import substitution problem. Dimethyl disulfide production at a Belarusian oil refinery using unqualified raw materials will expand the range of Belarusian chemical reagents and achieve economic benefits.

TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES OF OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS FIRE ELIMINATION IN VERTICAL STEEL TANKS

S. EKHILEVSKY — 2026-04-22

A review of air-mechanical foam delivery techniques for subsurface fire suppression in vertical steel storage tanks is provided. Subsurface fire suppression is found to be more effective, faster, more reliable, and safer than other water-foam methods for extinguishing oil and petroleum product fires in vertical steel storage tanks. This method reliably prevents the reinflammation of film-coated fuel and ensures rapid foam spreading over the burning surface due to convective currents mixing the surface layer. An analysis is made of the feasibility of using existing vertical steel storage tank utilities (filling/unloading pipelines, bottom sediment cleaning lines) for subsurface fire suppression. Optimization of subsurface fire suppression parameters when foam is injected through the storage tank utilities is proposed.

MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR PACKAGING AND TRANSPORTING OIL BITUMEN

P. KOVALЕNKO — 2026-04-22

The article presents the results of an analysis of modern technologies for packaging and transporting petroleum bitumen. It has been established that the most common method of shipping the product "hot" by road and rail is tank cars and bitumen tankers. These can be modernized with modern thermal insulation materials, equipped with uniform heating throughout the entire volume, a bottom discharge, and mixing devices. Also promising is the transportation of bitumen in "cold" packaging in clovertainers, big bags, cube-shaped containers, cardboard-wound drums, metal barrels, metal-shell containers, bags, and composites made using polymer materials. Despite the high cost of packaging bitumen for "cold" transportation, this method reduces the environmental impact and improves the performance properties of the finished product.

MODIFICATION OF OIL BITUMEN WITH POLYETHYLENE PRODUCTS

Y. BULAUKA — 2026-04-22

The article presents the results of studies on the use of polyolephilic polymers such as high-density polyethylene film, PV-200 polyethylene wax, low-molecular-weight polyethylene, and polyethylene foam in the production of bitumen materials. It was found that the use of polyolefin polymers such as polyethylene foam and polyethylene wax dissolved in waste industrial oil improves the heat and frost resistance of bitumen while expanding its plasticity range. The studies confirmed the potential for recycling polyethylene products in the production of bitumen materials for non-critical construction projects.

DEVELOPMENT AND EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION OF AN ADAPTIVE ALGORITHM FOR PREVENTING TRAFFIC NODE BLOCKAGE

Е. KHASINEVICH — 2026-04-22

The article addresses one of the most acute problems of modern cities – intersection blockage caused by queue spillback from adjacent sections of the road network. Such situations lead to the cascading spread of congestion, a significant increase in traffic delays, and economic losses. The study aims to develop a set of measures and an adaptive traffic signal control algorithm to prevent blockages, using a complex transport node in Minsk – the intersection of Pritytskogo Street and Pushkina Avenue – as a case study. The problem at this node is identified as the regular occurrence of "stop-waves" that propagate from one intersection to another, making it impossible to clear the intersection during the green signal time. A comprehensive approach is proposed, which includes modifying the coordination plan for adjacent intersections, introducing a special additional phase to «flush» the blocked intersection, and developing an algorithm for its adaptive activation. The algorithm is based on data from physical vehicle detectors installed at a certain distance from the intersection for early detection of the «stop-wave». The simulation results showed that the implementation of adaptive control reduces total and specific traffic delays by 30%.

ANALYSIS OF ROAD ACCIDENTS INVOLVING CYCLISTS AND PERSONAL MOBILITY VEHICLES IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

D. KAPSKI — 2026-04-22

This article presents a comprehensive retrospective and current analysis of accidents on the roads of the Republic of Belarus involving vulnerable road users: cyclists and personal mobility vehicles (PMVs), for the period from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2024. A total of 1,748 accidents in this category were recorded during the analyzed period. The statistical data is categorized by year, territorial (administrative) region, road type, and severity of the accidents. Particular attention is paid to the unprecedented increase in road accidents in 2024 (501 incidents), as well as the identified phenomenon of increased injury risk with personal mobility devices (1.35 victims per accident) compared to bicycles (0.97 victims). An economic assessment of road traffic injury losses was conducted (over 9.4 million USD in 2024). Based on topographic and factor analysis, a set of infrastructural, legislative, and educational recommendations is proposed to reduce accidents and integrate micromobility into the transportation system without compromising safety.

FORECASTING THE REDISTRIBUTION OF TRAFFIC FLOWS UNDER INCIDENT CONDITIONS ON AN URBAN ROAD NETWORK

I. URBANOVICH — 2026-04-22

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of reducing the negative consequences of incidents on the urban road network. The problem of forecasting the redistribution of traffic flows arising from unforeseen traffic blockages is considered. The aim of the research is to develop a software package capable of simulating the development of the traffic situation in near-real-time and providing a forecast for making operational management decisions. To achieve this goal, an analysis of existing approaches to traffic demand modeling was carried out, based on which the method of dynamic non-equilibrium assignment was chosen as the one that most adequately describes driver behavior under incident conditions. The SUMO simulation micro-modeling environment was used as an instrumental platform. A simulation model of a representative section of the Minsk road network was developed and calibrated, with an error in traffic intensity at key intersections not exceeding 5%. A software package was created, consisting of a simulation model control module (in Python using the TraCI API) and a graphical user interface module (based on the PyQt5 library). An experimental study showed that using the developed package for forecasting and preventive changes in traffic signal control modes can reduce average transport delays in the incident zone by 21%. The estimated annual economic effect from the implementation of the proposed solution is 31,283 conventional units, with a payback period for capital investments of 1.85 years.

RATIONALE FOR SELECTING SENSOR INSTALLATION LOCATIONS FOR VIBROACOUSTIC DIAGNOSTICS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

V. ZENKOV — 2026-04-22

The selection of installation locations and orientation of vibroacoustic sensors on the cylinder block of an internal combustion engine for determining the technical condition of the cylinder-piston group and the connecting-rod and main bearings of the crankshaft is substantiated on the basis of identifying diagnostically informative zones on the engine surface that ensure maximum sensitivity of the statistical characteristics of the vibration signal to changes in the structural parameters of the diagnosed joints. The proposed solution makes it possible to move from an empirical choice of measurement points to a formalized procedure for constructing a measurement scheme suitable for the subsequent establishment of quantitative relationships between the degree of wear of mating parts and the parameters of the vibroacoustic signal.

MULTI-ROUTE PLANNING FOR ROUTE VEHICLES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT MULTI-DEPOT OPERATIONS AND DRIVER WORK/REST REGULATIONS

S. AZEMSHA — 2026-04-22

A mathematical model for scheduling route transport operations on the city network has been improved. All trips per day are represented by vertices of a directed graph, and possible transitions between trips are represented by arcs, with waiting times and empty legs calculated. The construction of a set of feasible graph chains is interpreted as possible trip options for a single vehicle during a shift. Multiple depots and driver work and rest schedules are taken into account. Multiple depots are implemented through the introduction of first and second zero trips and the requirement that chains be closed at their permanent locations. Restrictions on work and rest schedules are implemented through preliminary chain verification for compliance with regulatory requirements for shift duration, total and continuous work time, and provision of rest and meal breaks. The mathematical model ensures a rational work plan that minimizes the reduced time costs and, consequently, the cost of transportation operations. The practical significance of the results lies in the creation of a theoretical basis for decision-making in daily planning and dispatch control of route vehicles in a complex route network.

IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS WITH TRAM TRAFFIC: FROM MATHEMATICAL MODELS TO PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS

А. KUSTENKА — 2026-04-22

This article explores the development of a comprehensive approach to optimizing tram traffic in urban environments. This approach improves the efficiency of transport systems by using a mathematical model for predicting tram delays at intersections, based on a phase synchronization coefficient and accounting for the stochastic nature of vehicle arrivals; a simulation model for the combined movement of trams and cars at stops with passenger boarding from the roadway; and a method for calculating vehicle delays using Heaviside functions. Practical testing was conducted on the Minsk tram network and demonstrated its effectiveness.

CALCULATION FEATURES OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE BRAKING SYSTEM ELEMENTS DURING BRAKING

S. RYNKEVICH — 2026-04-22

It is noted that in electric vehicles, i.e., electric cars, increased loads most often occur on components that either operate in high traction/braking modes or bear impact and thermal effects, such as recuperation. One of the highly loaded components of an electric vehicle (EV) is its braking system. This is especially characteristic of the combined braking mode, which includes regenerative and mechanical braking. The reasons why the braking system of an electric vehicle requires increased attention are considered. Among the most important of these are intensive operating modes, high cyclicity, the hybrid nature of braking (including regenerative braking and mechanical braking), electromechanical risks, fault tolerance issues, and wear processes of brake components. Six features of the braking processes of electric vehicles are identified and described in detail. The article examines the calculation features of an electric vehicle's braking system and its main components, presenting a number of calculation formulas for determining the energy, thermal, and other brake characteristics. An algorithm that can be implemented using the electric vehicle's onboard microelectronics is presented. It is noted that the onboard computer checks the main parameters. If the monitored parameters are within acceptable limits, a message is displayed on the driver's display confirming the vehicle's operability. Otherwise, further testing and diagnostic work is required.

METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF TORSION ANGLES OF SILENT BLOCKS IN THE CLEANING DRIVE MECHANISM OF A GRAIN HARVESTER

A. KOTOV — 2026-04-22

A method for estimating silent block torsion angles in a combine harvester's cleaning drive mechanism during its mathematical modeling is presented. This paper presents a new analytical approach for assessing the deformation load of silent blocks, based on the application of complex number theory to the kinematic analysis of the cleaning mechanism. This method allows one to obtain functional dependencies for silent block torsion angles for the cleaning drive mechanism hinges, depending on a generalized coordinate, using the argument of a complex number vector. A simple and effective algorithm for calculating the final utilization factor for the permissible silent block torsion angle has been developed. This algorithm allows for a visual assessment of the compliance of selected silent blocks with kinematic requirements at the design stage, thereby eliminating incorrect selection.