THE ACTIVITIES OF THE POLOTSK JESUIT COLLEGIUM IN THE 17TH – EARLY 19TH CENTURIES AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND ARCHITECTURE OF POLOTSK
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Abstract
This article examines the influence of the Polotsk Jesuit Collegium on the development of Polotsk architecture in the 17th to early 19th centuries. These processes are associated with the revival of stone construction in the city, its impact on urban planning, and the development of monumental construction after the end of the Livonian War. To this end, the building products and materials, as well as the planning and design solutions of a number of buildings erected on the collegium grounds and in Polotsk in the 17th century, are examined and compared.
During the Great Northern War (1701–1721), the Jesuits not only saved the collegium from destruction but also contributed to its expansion and improvement. Amid the general decline of Polotsk's material culture, the Jesuit residence became the main center of urban life.
In the first third of the 18th century, the Jesuits laid the foundations for the large-scale construction of the classical ensemble of the collegium. This construction began in the second third of the 18th century and was carried out according to entirely different principles than in the previous century. The study and comparison of Jesuit designs with the architectural planning and design solutions of a number of major civil and religious buildings in the city erected in the 18th centuries allows us to identify the extent of their influence on the urban development and architecture of Polotsk.
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