THE PERIOD OF BOURGEOIS REVOLUTIONS AND THE FORMATION OF THE CONCEPT OF A MODERN CONSTITUTION

Abstract

The reasons, factors and prerequisites of bourgeois revolutions of the XVIII century are considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of pre-revolutionary situation: political, economic, cultural, religious, international. In the French events process of deep transformations is considered parallel to carried-out constitutional reforms. Attempt to understand the mechanism of the Jacobin terror, rebirth constitutional ideals and the onset of dictatorship. Explains why the historical situation in North America was totally different from the French. It is shown how the English political tradition influenced succession of events in the USA and France. The conclusion about absolutely different bases of the American and French constitutionalism is drawn. The special emphasis in article is placed on the personal factor characterizing header figures of the studied era.