INTEGRAL DIAGNOSTIC INDICATORS FOR ASSESSING THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF GEAR TRANSMISSIONS BY ACOUSTIC SIGNAL
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Abstract
The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the acoustic signal of a cylindrical three-stage gearbox with gears having various types of heat treatment (bulk hardening, induction hardening of teeth, hardening with high tempering) and simulated local tooth defects (absence of 25, 50, 75% of the tooth length, complete tooth absence). The necessity of transition from qualitative spectral analysis to quantitative integral diagnostic indicators is substanti-ated. Two relative indicators are proposed and tested: Kz – the ratio of the sum of the amplitudes of multiple gear mesh harmonics of the analyzed gear to the reference values, reflecting the energy of impact processes; and Kbp – the ratio of the sum of the amplitudes of sidebands (combination components) to the reference values, characterizing the depth of modulation of the gear mesh frequency. It is shown that the combined use of Kz and Kbp makes it possible to reliably detect local defects at early stages, differentiate their severity, and eliminate false alarms. The influence of heat treatment on the spectral characteristics of the signal is established, which is compensated due to the relative nature of the proposed indicators. The developed methodology automates the diagnostic process, reduces labor intensity, and can be integrated into predictive maintenance systems for industrial equipment.
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