ESSENSE OF FUNCTIONAL IMMUNITY OF STATE OFFICIALS
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
In the doctrine of international law and the practice of international relations, the legitimacy of providing immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction to certain state officials, in general, is not disputed. At the same time, the grounds for granting immunities to officials (ratione personae and ratione materiae) are significantly different. These very aspects are the subject of constant academic discussions. This article attempts to reveal the essence of the functional immunity of officials, to identify situations in which it can’t be granted. The author specifies types of individuals who can pretend to immunity ratione materiae, as well as a list of actions that qualify as being committed by an official in official capacity. In addition, the article contains author’s proposals for an amendment to art. 7 of the Draft articles “Immunity of state officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction”, is being developed by the UN International Law Commission.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Давид, Э. Принципы права вооруженных конфликтов / Э. Давид. – М. : МККК, 2011. – С. 942.
Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Belgium [Electronic resource] : Judg. of 14 Febr. 2002 // International Court of Justice.
Second report on the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction [Electronic resource] / Hernández C.E., Geneva, 6 May-7 June, 8 July-9 August 2013 // International Law Commission. – Mode of access: https://undocs.org/en/A/CN.4/661. – Date of access: 22.11.2019.
Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure / R. Cryer [et al.] – 2d ed. – New York : Cambridge Univ. Press, 2010. – P. 538–542.
Keitne, C. Functional immunity of state officials before the International Law Commission: the 'who' and the 'what' / C. Keitne // Legal Studies Research Paper Series. – 2015. – № 174. – P. 51–57.
International Law / ed. by M.D. Evans. – 4th ed. – Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press. – P. 396.
Сaban, P. Immunity of state officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction – exceptions to immunity ratione materiae / P. Caban // Czech Yearbook of International Law. – 2016. – N. 7. – P. 306–329.
Верле, Г. Принципы международного уголовного права : учеб. / Г. Верле ; пер. с англ. С.В. Саяпина. – Одесса : Фенiкс; М. : ТрансЛит, 2011. – С. 322.
Cassese’s International criminal law / rev. by A. Cassese [et al.] – 3d ed. – New York : Oxford Univ. Press, 2013. – P. 241–246.
Prosecutor v. Tihomir Blaskic [Electronic resource] : Judgement of the Appeal Chamber on the request of the Republic of Croatia for review of the Decision of Trial Chamber II of 18 July 1997, 29 Oct. 1997 // ICTY. – Mode of access: https://www.icty.org/x/cases/blaskic/acdec/en/71029JT3.html. – Date of access: 15.11.2019.
Report of the International Law Commission [Electronic resource], Sixty-sixth session, (5 May–6 June and 7 July–8 August 2014) // International Law Commission. – Mode of access: https://legal.un.org/docs/?Path=../ilc/reports/2014/english/chp9.pdf&lang=EFSRAC. – Date of access: 21.11.2019.
Ответственность государств за международно-противоправные деяния [Электронный ресурс] : резолюция Генеральной Ассамблеи ООН 56/83, 12 дек. 2001 г. // Организация Объединенных Наций. – Режим доступа: https://www.un.org/ru/ga/sixth/56/sixth_res.shtml. – Дата доступа: 29.11.2019.
Report on the work of the sixty-seventh session of the International Law Commission [Electronic resource] // International Law Commission. – Mode of access: https://legal.un.org/ilc/reports/2015/english/chp10.pdf. – Date of access: 12.1.2019.
Judgment of 1 October 1946 : International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg) [Electronic resource] // Crimeofaggression. – Mode of access: https://crimeofaggression.info/documents/6/1946_Nuremberg_Judgement.pdf. – Date of access: 12.11.2019.
Stahn, C. A critical Introduction to International Criminal Law / C. Stahn. – Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press, – P. 251.
Prosecutor-General of the Supreme Court v. Desiré Bouterse [Electronic resource] : Supreme Court, Judgment, 18 September 2001 // International Crime Database. – Mode of access: http://www.asser.nl/upload/documents/DomCLIC/Docs/NLP/Netherlands/Bouterse_HogeRaad_18-9-2001.pdf. – Date of access: 22.10.2019.
O’Keefe, R. International Criminal Law / R. O’Keefe. – Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press, 2015. – P. 447–448.
Barkholdt, J. Analytical Presentation of the Comments and Observations by States on Draft Article 7, Paragraph 1, of the ILC Draft Articles on Immunity of State Officials From Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction, United Nations General Assembly, Sixth Committee, 2017 [Electronic resource] / J. Barkholdt, J. Kulaga // KFG Working Paper Series. – 2018. – № 14. – P. 3–74.
Murphy, S.D. Immunity Ratione Materiae of State Officials from Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction: Where is the State Practice in Support of Exceptions? // GWU Law School Public Law Research Paper. – No. 2018-02. – P. 4–8.
Мороз, Н.О. Международное уголовное право : пособие / Н. О. Мороз. – Минск : Акад. управ. при Президенте Респ. Беларусь, 2015. – С. 94–98.
Доклад Комиссии международного права Семьдесят первая сессия [Электронный ресурс] (29 апр. – 7 июня и 8 июля – 9 авг. 2019 года) // Комиссия международного права ООН. – Режим доступа: https://legal.un.org/docs/index.asp?symbol=A/74/10&referer=http://legal.un.org/cod/&Lang=R. – Дата доступа: 22.11.2019.
Second report on immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction, by Mr. Roman Anatolevich Kolodkin, Special Rapporteur, 10 June 2010 [Electronic resource] // International Law Commission. – Mode of access: https://legal.un.org/docs/?path=../ilc/documentation/english/a_cn4_631.pdf&lang=EFSX. – Date of access: 22.11.2019.
Bat v the Investigating Judge of the German Federal Court [Electronic resource] : England and Wales High Court decision, 29 Jul, 2011 // Casemine. – Mode of access: https://www.casemine.com/judgement/uk/5a8ff76b60d03e7f57eac4dc. – Date of access: 12.11.2019.
Hafsat Abiola et al. v. Abdulsalami Abubakar [Electronic resource] : United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Memorandum Opinion and Order, 28 Spet. 2007 // International Crimes Database. – Mode of access: http://www.asser.nl/upload/documents/DomCLIC/Docs/NLP/US/Abubakar_Appeal_Judgement_28-9-07.pdf. – Date of access: 22.11.2019.
Keitner, Ch. The Common Law of Foreign Official Immunity [Electronic resource] / Ch. Keitner // Greenbag. – Mode of access: http://www.greenbag.org/v14n1/v14n1_articles_keitner.pdf. – Date of access: 21.10.2019.